On December 24, 1930 (with the anger of Federico’s parents for not being at home on Christmas Eve) it premiered at the Teatro Español in Madrid directed by Cipriano Rivas Cherif. The performers of this premiere were: Margarita Xirgu (Shoemaker), Alejandro Maximino (Shoemaker), Matilde Fernández (Boy), José Cañizares (Adult), Femando Porredón (Mr. Mirlo), Fernando Venegas (waiter), Julia Pachelo, Mimí Muñoz and Pascuala Mesa (Neighbors).
Lorca himself reads the prolog of the play, dressed in a star-covered cape. The scenography is by Salvador Bartolozzi (based on Lorca’s own drawings). He manages to put on about thirty performances and strengthens his relationship with Margarita Xirgu.